Triazoles

Ferreira, Vitor F. published the artcileNovel 1H-1,2,3-, 2H-1,2,3-, 1H-1,2,4- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives: a patent review (2008 – 2011), Category: triazoles, the publication is Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents (2013), 23(3), 319-331, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Introduction: The triazoles represent a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds of great importance for the preparation of new drugs with diverse biol. activities because they may present several structural variations with the same numbers of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Due to the success of various triazoles that entered the pharmaceutical market and are still being used in medicines, many companies and research groups have shown interest in developing new methods of synthesis and biol. evaluation of potential uses for these compounds In this review, the authors explored aspects of patents for the 1H-1,2,3-, 2H-1,2,3-, 1H-1,2,4- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole families, including prototypes being considered in clin. studies between 2008 and 2011.Areas covered: The triazoles have been studied for over a century as an important class of heterocyclic compounds and still attract considerable attention due to their broad range of biol. activities. More recently, there has been considerable interest in the development of novel triazoles with anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antitumoral and antiviral properties and activity against several neglected diseases. This review emphasizes recent perspective and advances in the therapeutically active 1H-1,2,3-, 2H-1,2,3-, 1H-1,2,4- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivative patents between 2008 and 2011, covering the development of new chem. entities and new pharmaceuticals. Many studies have focused on these compounds as target structures and evaluated them in several biol. targets.Expert opinion: The preparation of 1H-1,2,3-, 2H-1,2,3-, 1H-1,2,4- and 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives brings to light several issues. There is a need to find new, more efficient preparations for these triazoles that take into consideration current issues in green chem., energy saving and sustainability. New diseases are discovered and new viruses and bacteria continue to challenge mankind, so it is imperative to find new prototypes for these new diseases. Of great urgency is finding prototypes against bacteria that continue to increase resistance and for neglected diseases that affect a large part of humanity, especially the poor and vulnerable.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents published new progress about 63598-71-0. 63598-71-0 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazole, name is 4H-1,2,4-Triazole, and the molecular formula is C2H3N3, Category: triazoles.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lu, Jing published the artcileAn anti-parkinson’s disease drug via targeting adenosine A2A receptor enhances amyloid-β Generation and γ-secretase activity, Application In Synthesis of 377727-87-2, the publication is PLoS One (2016), 11(11), e0166415/1-e0166415/21, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

γ-Secretase mediates the intramembranous proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and determines the generation of Aβ which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we identified that an anti-Parkinson’s disease drug, Istradefylline, could enhance Aβ generation in various cell lines and primary neuronal cells of APP/PS1 mouse. Moreover, the increased generation of Aβ42 was detected in the cortex of APP/PS1 mouse after chronic treatment with Istradefylline. Istradefylline promoted the activity of γ-secretase which could lead to increased Aβ production These effects of Istradefylline were reduced by the knockdown of A2AR but independent of A2AR-mediated G protein- or β-arrestindependent signal pathway. We further observed that A2AR colocalized with γ-secretase in endosomes and phys. interacted with the catalytic subunit presenilin-1 (PS1). Interestingly, Istradefylline attenuated the interaction in time- and dosage-dependent manners. Moreover the knockdown of A2AR which in theory would release PS1 potentiated both Aβ generation and γ-secretase activity. Thus, our study implies that the association of A2AR could modulate γ-secretase activity. Istradefylline enhance Aβ generation and γ-secretase activity possibly via modulating the interaction between A2AR and γ-secretase, which may bring some undesired effects in the central nervous system (CNS).

PLoS One published new progress about 377727-87-2. 377727-87-2 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Adenosine Receptor, name is 2-(Furan-2-yl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine, and the molecular formula is C25H29N9O3, Application In Synthesis of 377727-87-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Suleimanov, Iurii published the artcileEffect of ligand substitution in [Fe(H-trz)₂(trz)]BF₄ spin crossover nanoparticles, Computed Properties of 63598-71-0, the publication is French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry (2015), 3(1), 66-72, database is CAplus.

Spin crossover iron(II) 1,2,4-triazole-based coordination compounds in the form of nanoparticles were prepared using a reverse microemulsion technique. Ligand substitution approach was applied to decrease the spin crossover temperature towards room temperature in the well-known [Fe(H-trz)₂(trz)]BF₄ complex. The compositions of the particles were determined by elemental anal. and thermogravimetry. The morphol. was monitored by transition electron microscopy (TEM). The effect associated with the ligand substitution was investigated by optical and magnetic measurements. Transition temperature has been reduced by 33 K comparing the unsubstituted sample to that with 5 % substitution.

French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 63598-71-0. 63598-71-0 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazole, name is 4H-1,2,4-Triazole, and the molecular formula is C13H26N2, Computed Properties of 63598-71-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pinna, Annalisa published the artcileNeuroinflammation and L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease are counteracted by combined administration of a 5-HT_1A/1B receptor agonist and A_2A receptor antagonist, Quality Control of 377727-87-2, the publication is Neuropharmacology (2021), 108693, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Several lines of evidence have strongly implicated neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia. The present study investigated whether early subchronic pretreatment with the serotonin 5-HT1A/1B receptor agonist eltoprazine plus the adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist preladenant counteracted L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs, index of dyskinesia), and neuroinflammation, in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD. The immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the colocalization of ionized calcium binding adaptor mol.-1 (IBA-1), with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor-necrosis-factor-αF (TNF-α) and IL-10 were evaluated in the denervated caudate-putamen (CPu) and substantia nigra pars-compacta (SNc). The combined subchronic pretreatment with L-dopa plus eltoprazine and preladenant reduced AIMs induced by acute L-dopa challenge in these rats and decreased GFAP and IBA-1 immunoreactivity induced by the drug in both CPu and SNc, with reduction in IL-1β in IBA-1-pos. cells in both CPu and SNc, and in TNF-α in IBA-1-pos. cells in SNc. Moreover, a significant increase in IL-10 in IBA-1-pos. cells was observed in SNc. Evaluation of immediate early-gene zif-268 (index of neuronal activation) after L-dopa challenge, showed an increase in its expression in denervated CPu of rats pretreated with L-dopa or L-dopa plus preladenant compared with vehicle, whereas rats pretreated with eltoprazine, with or without preladenant, had lower zif-268 expression. Finally, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter examined to evaluate neurodegeneration, showed a significant equal decrease in all exptl. groups. The present findings suggest that combination of L-dopa with eltoprazine and preladenant may be promising therapeutic strategy for delaying the onset of dyskinesia, preserving L-dopa efficacy and reducing neuroinflammation markers in nigrostriatal system of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.

Neuropharmacology published new progress about 377727-87-2. 377727-87-2 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class GPCR/G Protein,Adenosine Receptor, name is 2-(Furan-2-yl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine, and the molecular formula is C25H29N9O3, Quality Control of 377727-87-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Belen’kii, L. I. published the artcileRegularities and peculiarities of electrophilic substitution reactions of azoles, Recommanded Product: 4H-1,2,4-Triazole, the publication is Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii (1996), 1535-1563, database is CAplus.

Review of exptl. literature data was combined with quantum-chem. bonding and charge d. calculations to assess structural effects on the electrophilic substitution reactivity of azoles. Both traditional addition-elimination and ylide mechanisms were considered.

Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii published new progress about 63598-71-0. 63598-71-0 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazole, name is 4H-1,2,4-Triazole, and the molecular formula is C2H3N3, Recommanded Product: 4H-1,2,4-Triazole.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rashid, Al Mamunur Md. published the artcileHeat of formation prediction by G4MP2-SFM schemes: An application to various nitroazole derivatives, Safety of 4-Nitro-2H-1,2,3-triazole, the publication is Computational & Theoretical Chemistry (2018), 148-159, database is CAplus.

Our G4MP2-SFM parameterization schemes have been applied to the various azole derivatives including imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, imidazolidine, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,3,5]triazine, tetrazine and pyrimidine, in order to establish a set of parameters for the reliable and fast heat of formation (ΔH^o_f) predictions. It is shown that a parameterization on such complex systems is possible, yielding an overall mean absolute deviation (MAD) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) to be 3.5kcal/mol and 4.3kcal/mol, resp. compared to full G4MP2. During the development of the parameters, we have found that nonbonded interactions are very important to predict the ΔH^o_f of high energy materials (HEMs). While both mol. weight and the number of NO₂ substituents rarely affect the ΔH^o_f magnitude, the geometric configurations and the number of heteroatoms in the azole ring significantly change it.

Computational & Theoretical Chemistry published new progress about 84406-63-3. 84406-63-3 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazole,Nitro Compound, name is 4-Nitro-2H-1,2,3-triazole, and the molecular formula is C2H2N4O2, Safety of 4-Nitro-2H-1,2,3-triazole.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rashid, Al Mamunur Md. published the artcileHeat of formation predictions of various nitro-substituted azoles by G4MP2-SFM scheme, Application of 5-Nitro-1H-1,2,3-triazole, the publication is Theoretical Chemistry Accounts (2015), 134(11), 1-11, database is CAplus.

Heats of formation (ΔH_f) of various nitro-substituted azoles were predicted by Gaussian-4 MP2 combining with systematic fragmentation method (SFM), G4MP2-SFM. The overall mean absolute deviations and root-mean-square deviations of the particular opt-G4SFM(1,2) scheme are 2.0 and 2.6 kcal/mol, resp., on the predictions of 48 mols. Overall, each addnl. nitrogen in the azole ring increases ΔH_f by 10-30 kcal/mol. While the effect of the NO₂ substitution to carbon (NO₂(C)) is minor, that to nitrogen (NO₂(N)) increases ΔH_f by 15-32 kcal/mol. In addition, we found that second-neighbor contribution is also significant for nonbonding interactions between NO₂ groups, which increase ΔH_f by 3-4 kcal/mol.

Theoretical Chemistry Accounts published new progress about 14544-45-7. 14544-45-7 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazoles, name is 5-Nitro-1H-1,2,3-triazole, and the molecular formula is C2H2N4O2, Application of 5-Nitro-1H-1,2,3-triazole.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chang, Yu-Fan published the artcileInterface and thickness tuning for blade coated small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes with high power efficiency, HPLC of Formula: 219508-27-7, the publication is Journal of Applied Physics (Melville, NY, United States) (2013), 114(12), 123101/1-123101/15, database is CAplus.

We developed a general method based on fluorescence microscopy to characterize the interface dissolution in multi-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by blade coating. A sharp bi-layer edge was created before blade coating, with the bottom layer being insoluble and top layer soluble After blade coating, fluorescence images showed that the edge of the top layer shifted when the layer dissolved completely, whereas the bottom layer’s edge remained in place as a positioning mark. The dissolution depth was determined to be 15-20 nm when the emissive-layer host of 2,6-bis (3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl) pyridine (26DCzPPy) was coated on the hole-transport layer of N,N’-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N’-bis(phenyl)-benzidine(NPB), which was consistent with a sudden drop in efficiency of orange OLEDs with layer thickness below 20 nm. Thus, the layer thickness of OLEDs was optimized to stay more than 20 nm for blade coating. For a two-color white OLED with the structure TCTA/26DCzPPy:PO-01-TB:FIrpic/TPBI, efficiency was 24 cd/A and 8.5 lm/W at 1000 cd/m². For a three-color white OLED with Os(fptz)₂(dhpm) added as the emitter, the efficiency was 12.3 cd/A and 3.7 lm/W at 1000 cd/m². For a green device with the structure TCTA/26DCzPPy:Ir(mppy)₃/TPBI, the efficiency was 41.9 cd/A and 23.4 lm/W at 1000 cd/m². (c) 2013 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Applied Physics (Melville, NY, United States) published new progress about 219508-27-7. 219508-27-7 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks, name is 2-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3N4, HPLC of Formula: 219508-27-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Song, Yi-Hwa published the artcilePhosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with nonconjugated cyclometalated ligands, Category: triazoles, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2008), 14(18), 5423-5434, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Blue phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes 1–4 with nonconjugated N-benzylpyrazole ligands were synthesized and their structural, electrochem., and photophys. properties were studied. Complexes 1–4 exhibit phosphorescence with yields of 5-45% in degassed CH₂Cl₂. Of the compounds, 1 showed emission that was nearly true blue at 460 nm with a lack of vibronic progression. These photophys. data clearly demonstrate that the methylene spacer of the cyclometalated N-benzylpyrazole chelate effectively interrupts the π conjugation upon reacting with a 3rd LX chelating chromophore. This gives a feasible synthesis for the blue phosphorescent complexes with a sufficiently large energy gap. In another approach, these complexes were studied for their suitability for the host material in phosphorescent OLEDs. The device was synthesized by using 1 as the host for the green-emitting [Ir-(ppy)₃] dopant, which exhibits an external quantum conversion efficiency (EQE) of up to 11.4% photons per electron (and 36.6 cdA^-1), with 1931 Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.59), a peak power efficiency of 21.7 lm W^-1, and a maximum brightness of 32000 cdm^-2 at 14.5 V. At the practical brightness of 100 cdm^-2, the efficiency remains >11% and 18 lm W^-1, demonstrating its great potential as the host material for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 219508-27-7. 219508-27-7 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks, name is 2-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine, and the molecular formula is C9H17NO, Category: triazoles.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jug, Karl published the artcileElectronic and Vibrational Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities of Azoles: A Comparative Study of the Structure-Polarization Relationship, Synthetic Route of 63598-71-0, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry A (2003), 107(20), 4172-4183, database is CAplus.

D. functional theory (DFT) is used to study the static electronic dipole moments, polarizabilities, polarizability anisotropies, and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of azoles. These properties are obtained with a finite field approach implemented in the DFT program ALLCHEM. The calculations were of all-electron type using a local exchange correlation functional. To investigate the dependence of polarizabilities and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities on the geometries, all structures were optimized with ALLCHEM and MSINDO. The influence of the substituted atoms on the properties is discussed. The vibrational contributions to the above properties of the considered compounds have also been computed using SCF theory and analytic property derivatives Several methods (basis sets and approaches to determine the electron correlation contribution) have been employed to confirm the adequacy of the method, which was used. The electronic and vibrational properties are connected with various aspects of the electronic and vibrational structure and they are rationalized by simple concepts (resonance structures) and properties (fragments, derivatives). The present results are in satisfactory agreement with the available exptl. data.

Journal of Physical Chemistry A published new progress about 63598-71-0. 63598-71-0 belongs to triazoles, auxiliary class Triazole, name is 4H-1,2,4-Triazole, and the molecular formula is C2H3N3, Synthetic Route of 63598-71-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,3-Triazole,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics