Triazoles

Cyhalothrin biodegradation in Cunninghamella elegans was written by Palmer-Brown, William;de Melo Souza, Paula Leticia;Murphy, Cormac D.. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2019.Application of 1614-12-6 This article mentions the following:

The insecticide λ-cyhalothrin was incubated with planktonic and biofilm cultures of the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the compound was initially biosorbed to the biomass and more slowly degraded by the fungus. Furthermore, the presence of trifluoromethyl-containing metabolites was observed Anal. of culture extracts by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified non-fluorinated metabolites that suggested the likely catabolic pathway. The hydroxylated metabolites were probably generated from the action of cytochromes P 450 (CYPs), as the presence of CYP inhibitors resulted in the absence of biodegradation Planktonic cells were measurably faster at degrading the pesticide compared with biofilm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Application of 1614-12-6).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. The triazole ring is a relatively stable functional group, and the triazole bond can be used for a variety of applications, such as replacing the phosphate backbone of DNA. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.Application of 1614-12-6

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An unprecedented Co^II cuboctahedron as the secondary building unit in a Co-based metal-organic framework was written by Holmberg, Rebecca J.;Kay, Marika;Korobkov, Ilia;Kadantsev, Eugene;Boyd, Peter G.;Aharen, Tomoko;Desgreniers, Serge;Woo, Tom K.;Murugesu, Muralee. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

A cubic metal-organic framework, [Co^II₈(OH)₆(cpt)₆][CoCl₄]₂ (Hcpt = 4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole), with an unprecedented octanuclear secondary building unit (SBU) was isolated. The obtained SBU is composed of 8 Co^II ions at each vertex, 6 μ₄-OH groups at each face, and 12 cpt^– ligands framing the metal core. The cuboctahedra arrange in a ubt framework topol., eliciting a highly sym. MOF structure. Magnetic measurements as well as DFT calculations on this crystalline MOF reveal intramol. antiferromagnetic coupling between Co^II ions in the octanuclear SBU. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 157069-48-2Application In Synthesis of 4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid).

4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 157069-48-2) belongs to triazole derivatives. Many triazoles are versatile, biologically active compounds commonly used as fungicides and plant retardants. 1,2,3-Triazoles are usually prepared following (3+2) cycloaddition protocols. A common technique for unsubstituted triazoles is the Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: a azide and an alkyne react at high temperature to form a ring. However, the Huisgen strategy produces a mixture of isomers (typically 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted) when used to produce substituted triazoles.Application In Synthesis of 4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Subtypes of sodium-dependent high-affinity L-[³H]glutamate transport activity: Pharmacologic specificity and regulation by sodium and potassium was written by Robinson, Michael B.;Sinor, Jeroo D.;Dowd, Lisa A.;Kerwin, James F. Jr.. And the article was included in Journal of Neurochemistry in 1993.Reference of 4546-95-6 This article mentions the following:

Some data suggest that sodium-dependent, high-affinity L-glutamate (Glu) transport sites in forebrain are different from those in cerebellum. In the present study, sodium-dependent transport of L-[³H]Glu was characterized in cerebellum and cortex. In both cerebellar and cortical tissue, activity was enriched in synaptosomes. Approx. 100 excitatory amino acid analogs were tested as potential inhibitors of transport activity. Many of the compounds tested inhibited transport activity by <65% at 1 mM and were not studied further. One group of compounds exhibited inhibition conforming to theor. curves with Hill coefficients of 1 and were <10-fold selective as inhibitors of transport activity. These included three of the putative endogenous substrates for transport: L-Glu, L-aspartate, and L-cysteate. Four of the compounds exhibited inhibition conforming to theor. curves with Hill coefficients of 1 and were >10-fold selective as inhibitors. These included β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionate, α-methyl-DL-glutamate, (2S, 1′S, 2′S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, and (2S, 1′S, S, 3′S)-2-(2-carboxy-3-methoxymethylcyclopropyl)glycine. Data obtained with a few of the inhibitors were consistent with two sites in one or both of the brain regions. (2S, 1′R, 2′R)-2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-II) was identified as the most potent (IC₅₀ = 5.5 μM) and selective (60-100-fold) inhibitor of transport activity in the cerebellum. One of the potential endogenous substrates, L-homocysteate, was also a selective inhibitor of cerebellar transport activity. The data for inhibition of transport activity in cortex by both L-CCG-II and L-homocysteate were best fit to two sites. Kainate was equipotent as an inhibition were best fit to two sites. The possibility that there are four subtypes of excitatory amino acid transport is discussed. Altering sodium and potassium levels affects cerebellar and cortical transport activity differently, suggesting that the differences extend to other recognition sites on these transporters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6Reference of 4546-95-6).

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. The triazole ring is a relatively stable functional group, and the triazole bond can be used for a variety of applications, such as replacing the phosphate backbone of DNA. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.Reference of 4546-95-6

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ln^III ion dependent magnetism in heterometallic Cu-Ln complexes based on an azido group and 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate as co-ligands was written by Jiang, Xue;Han, Song-De;Zhao, Ran;Xu, Jian;Bu, Xian-He. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2015.Formula: C4H3N3O4 This article mentions the following:

Four Cu-Ln coordination polymers [Cu₂Ln(tda)₂N₃(H₂O)₄·2H₂O] (Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Sm (4), tda = 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate) were synthesized by employing H₃tda and azido as co-ligands. Complexes 1–4 exhibit the H bonded three-dimensional (3D) network and intriguing magnetic properties. Among them, 1, 3 and 4 involve antiferromagnetic interaction between metal ions, while 2 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior, demonstrating that magnetic properties could be mediated by a variety of rare earth metal ions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6Formula: C4H3N3O4).

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. The many free lone pairs in triazoles make them useful as coordination compounds, although not typically as haptic ligands. Triazole growth retardants such as uniconazole and paclobutrazol have been known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, an P450 enzymeFormula: C4H3N3O4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 1H-1,2,3-triazole under microwave irradiation was written by Xu, Wei-liang;Li, Yun-zheng;Zhang, Qing-shan;Zhu, He-sun. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2003.Computed Properties of C4H3N3O4 This article mentions the following:

Starting with benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole was synthesized through two step reactions including oxidation by potassium permanganate and decarboxylation under microwave irradiation in overall yield of 64.7%. Compared with conventional method, in the decarboxylation reaction under microwave irradiation,the reaction time was reduced from 6 h to 6 min and the yield was enhanced from 65% to 97%. The product was corroborated by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR and MS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6Computed Properties of C4H3N3O4).

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles exhibit substantial isomerism, depending on the positioning of the nitrogen atoms within the ring.Triazole heterocyclic structures are found to form many weak nonbond interactions with the receptors and enzymes in biological systems.Computed Properties of C4H3N3O4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Human CYP2E1-dependent mutagenicity of mono- and dichlorobiphenyls in Chinese hamster (V79)-derived cells was written by Zhang, Chiteng;Lai, Yanmei;Jin, Guifang;Glatt, Hansruedi;Wei, Qinzhi;Liu, Yungang. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2016.Computed Properties of C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants with confirmed carcinogenicity to humans. Metabolic activation of lower chlorinated PCBs to genotoxic metabolites may involve hydroxylation and further oxidation, and some hydroxylated metabolites may be sulfo-conjugated. However, the genotoxicity of individual PCB compounds is largely unknown. In this study, 15 mono- and dichlorobiphenyls were investigated for genotoxicity using the micronucleus and Hprt mutagenicity assays in a Chinese hamster V79-derived cell line expressing both human cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 2E1 and human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 (V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1). All tested compounds were inactive in both assays in V79 control cells. However, eight dichlorobiphenyls strongly induced micronuclei and other congeners were weakly pos. for this endpoint in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 cells. The effects of each PCB in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 cells were abolished or reduced in the presence of a CYP2E1 inhibitor (1-aminobenzotriazole), or enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with (CYP2E1-inducing) ethanol, while the genotoxicity was not significantly affected by a SULT1 inhibitor (pentachlorophenol). As representative dichlorobiphenyls, PCB 5, 10, 8 and 11 (2,3-, 2,5-, 2,4′- and 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl, resp.) strongly induced Hprt gene mutations in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first indication that human CYP2E1 is capable of converting a series of dichlorobiphenyls to strong mutagens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Computed Properties of C6H6N4).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles consist of a five-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and are biologically active, especially as antifungal, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitors. Triazole growth retardants such as uniconazole and paclobutrazol have been known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, an P450 enzymeComputed Properties of C6H6N4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Detection of metabolic activation leading to drug-induced phospholipidosis in rat hepatocyte spheroids was written by Takagi, Masashi;Sanoh, Seigo;Santoh, Masataka;Ejiri, Yoko;Kotake, Yaichiro;Ohta, Shigeru. And the article was included in Journal of Toxicological Sciences in 2016.Category: triazoles This article mentions the following:

Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is one of the adverse reactions to treatment with cationic amphiphilic drugs. Recently, simple and reliable evaluation methods for PLD have been reported. However, the predictive power of these methods for in vivo PLD induction is insufficient in some cases. To accurately predict PLD, we focused on drug metabolism and used three-dimensional cultures of hepatocytes known as spheroids. Here we used the fluorescent phospholipid dye N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-y1)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NBD-PE) to detect PLD induction. After 48 h exposure to 20 uM amiodarone and amitriptyline, PLD inducers. NBD-PE fluorescence in the spheroids was significantly higher than that in the control. In contrast, 1 niM acetaminophen, as a neg. control, did not increase fluorescence. Furthermore, the combination of NBD-PE fluorescence and LysoTracker Red fluorescence and the accumulation of intrinsic phospholipids reflected PLD induction in spheroids. To evaluate metabolic activation, we assessed PLD induction by loratadine. NBD-PE fluorescence intensity was significantly increased by 50 μM loratadine treatment. However, the fluorescence was markedly decreased by co-treatment with 500 μM 1-aminobenzotriazole, a broad eytochrome P 450 inhibitor. The formation of desloratadine, a metabolite of loratadine, was observed in spheroids after treatment with loratadine alone. These results showed that metabolic activation is the key factor in PLD induction by treatment with loratadine. We demonstrated that rat primary hepatocyte spheroid culture is a useful model for evaluating drug-induced PLD induction mediated by metabolic activation of the drug using the fluorescence probe technique. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Category: triazoles).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. However, triazoles are also useful in bioorthogonal chemistry, because the large number of nitrogen atoms causes triazoles to react similar to azides. Triazole growth retardants such as uniconazole and paclobutrazol have been known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, an P450 enzymeCategory: triazoles

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in fimasartan metabolism in vitro was written by Choi, Young Jae;Lee, Ji-Yoon;Ryu, Chang Seon;Chi, Yong Ha;Paik, Soo Heui;Kim, Sang Kyum. And the article was included in Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2018.Computed Properties of C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:

Fimasartan (FMS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is metabolized to FMS S-oxide, FMS N-glucuronide, oxidative desulfurized FMS (BR-A-557), and hydroxy-Bu FMSs. The purpose of this study was to characterize enzymes involved in NADPH-dependent FMS metabolism using recombinant enzymes such as cytochrome P 450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), as well as selective chem. inhibitors. The results showed that CYP, but not FMO, plays a major role in FMS metabolism CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were involved in the formation of FMS S-oxide, which was further metabolized to BR-A-557 by CYP3A4/5. CYP2C9 played an exclusive role in Bu hydroxylation. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) values for S-oxidation by CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were 0.21, 0.34, and 0.19μM-1•min-1, resp. The kcat/Km values of hydroxylation at the 1-, 2-/3-, and 4-Bu group in CYP2C9 were 0.0076, 0.041, and 0.035μM-1•min-1, resp. The kcat and Km values provide information for the prediction of FMS metabolism in vivo. In addition, simultaneous determination of the FMS metabolites may be used to evaluate CYP2C9 and CYP3A4/5 activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Computed Properties of C6H6N4).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles are important five-member nitrogen heterocycles involved in a wide range of industrial applications such as agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, optical brighteners, as well as biologically active agents.Triazole heterocyclic structures are found to form many weak nonbond interactions with the receptors and enzymes in biological systems.Computed Properties of C6H6N4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics