Triazoles

Quality Control of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Recently I am researching about APP; TRANSPORT; SIGNALS; UBIQUITINATION; DEGRADATION; TRAFFICKING; MEMBRANE; INTERNALIZATION; LOCALIZATION; COMPONENTS, Saw an article supported by the Projekt DEAL; AFI (Alzheimer Forschung Initative e.V.); BioComp (Forschungsinitiative Rheinland-Pfalz); TU Nachwuchsring; DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)German Research Foundation (DFG). Published in SPRINGER BASEL AG in BASEL ,Authors: Eggert, S; Gruebl, T; Rajender, R; Rupp, C; Sander, B; Heesch, A; Zimmermann, M; Hoepfner, S; Zentgraf, H; Kins, S. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Endocytosis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is critical for generation of beta-amyloid, aggregating in Alzheimer’s disease. APP endocytosis depending on the intracellular NPTY motif is well investigated, whereas involvement of the YTSI (also termed BaSS) motif remains controversial. Here, we show that APP lacking the YTSI motif (Delta YTSI) displays reduced localization to early endosomes and decreased internalization rates, similar to APP Delta NPTY. Additionally, we show that the YTSI-binding protein, PAT1a interacts with the Rab5 activator RME-6, as shown by several independent assays. Interestingly, knockdown of RME-6 decreased APP endocytosis, whereas overexpression increased the same. Similarly, APP Delta NPTY endocytosis was affected by PAT1a and RME-6 overexpression, whereas APP Delta YTSI internalization remained unchanged. Moreover, we could show that RME-6 mediated increase of APP endocytosis can be diminished upon knocking down PAT1a. Together, our data identify RME-6 as a novel player in APP endocytosis, involving the YTSI-binding protein PAT1a.

Quality Control of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Eggert, S; Gruebl, T; Rajender, R; Rupp, C; Sander, B; Heesch, A; Zimmermann, M; Hoepfner, S; Zentgraf, H; Kins, S or send Email.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 REACT KINET MECH CAT published article about ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; SOLVENT-FREE; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; GAMMA-FE2O3 NANOCRYSTALLITES; NAPHTHOPYRAN DERIVATIVES; 3-COMPONENT CONDENSATION; FACILE SYNTHESIS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; NANOPARTICLES in [Jahanshahi, Parivash; Mamaghani, Manouchehr] Univ Guilan, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, POB 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran in 2020.0, Cited 78.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5. COA of Formula: C2H4N4

A highly efficient and straightforward one-pot three-component synthesis of functionalized 2-amino-4H-chromenes and indole-substituted 3-amino-1H-benzo[f]chromenes have been developed by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole supported on hydroxyapatite-encapsulated-gamma-Fe2O3(gamma-Fe2O3@HAp@CPTMS@AT) as the new magnetically recyclable heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst. The wide range of valuable 4H-chromene and 1H-chromene structures having different substituents were efficiently synthesized using one-pot tandem Knoevenagel cyclocondensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, active methylene nitriles (malononitrile and 3-cyanoacetylindole) and diverse phenolic nucleophiles (resorcinol, alpha-naphthol and beta-naphthol) in the presence of nano gamma-Fe2O3@HAp@CPTMS@AT in EtOH. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocatalyst were characterized by using various techniques such as FT-IR, FESEM, EDS, XRD, TGA-DTA and VSM. The catalytic activity of nano gamma-Fe2O3@HAp@CPTMS@AT was evaluated and the results indicated its applicability as a novel, highly efficient, green, recyclable and promising heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 4H-chromene and 1H-chromene derivatives.

COA of Formula: C2H4N4. About 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine, If you have any questions, you can contact Jahanshahi, P; Mamaghani, M or concate me.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formula: C2H4N4. Fandzloch, M; Dobrzanska, L; Jedrzejewski, T; Jezierska, J; Wisniewska, J; Lakomska, I in [Fandzloch, Marzena] PAS, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, Okolna 2, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; [Fandzloch, Marzena; Jezierska, Julia] Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, F Joliot Curie 14, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland; [Dobrzanska, Liliana; Wisniewska, Joanna; Lakomska, Iwona] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun, Fac Chem, Gagarina 7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland; [Jedrzejewski, Tomasz] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun, Fac Biol & Vet Sci, Lwowska 1, PL-87100 Torun, Poland published Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of ruthenium(III) complexes of triazolopyrimidines with anticancer properties in 2020.0, Cited 80.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula [RuCl3(L)(3)] (1,3,5) and [RuCl3(H2O)(L)(2)] (2,4,6), where L stands for three different triazolopyrimidine-derived ligands, are reported. The compounds have been structurally characterized (IR, EPR, SCXRD), and their magnetic moments have been determined. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the Ru(III) complexes with mer configuration in 1 and 5, and fac configuration in 3. In 2 and 4, three chloride ions are in mer configuration and the two triazolopyrimidines are oriented trans mutually with the water molecule playing the role of the sixth ligand. All complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, and L929 murine fibroblast cells, uncovering among others that the most lipophilic complexes 5 and 6, containing the bulky ligand dptp (5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), display high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Moreover, it was also revealed that during the interaction of the complexes 1-6 with the cancer MCF-7 cell line, reactive oxygen species are released intracellularly, which could indicate that they are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, extensive studies have been carried out to reveal the mechanism by which complexes 1-6 interact with DNA, albumin, and apotransferrin. The biological studies were complemented by detailed kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the complexes in the pH range 5-8, to determine the stability of the complexes in solution. Graphic abstract Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives demonstrated the potential for use as anticancer agents by maintaining the toxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cells.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Fandzloch, M; Dobrzanska, L; Jedrzejewski, T; Jezierska, J; Wisniewska, J; Lakomska, I or send Email.. Formula: C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C2H4N4. In 2020.0 CHEMISTRYSELECT published article about CARBOXYLIC-ACID DERIVATIVES; ANTITUMOR AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANT; INHIBITORS; DESIGN; POTENT in [Sompalle, Rajesh; Roopan, Selvaraj Mohana; Priya, Duraipandi Devi; Arunachalapandi, Murugan] Vellore Inst Technol, Sch Adv Sci, Dept Chem, Chem Heterocycles & Nat Prod Res Lab, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; [Sompalle, Rajesh] Besant Theosoph Coll, Dept Chem, Chittoor 517325, Andhra Pradesh, India; [Suthindhiran, Krishnamurthy; Sarkar, Gargi] Vellore Inst Technol, Sch Biosci & Technol, Marine Biotechnol & Bioprod Lab, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; [Ranjith, Malavika] Vellore Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India in 2020.0, Cited 45.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

Microwave synthetic methodologies were proposed for the preparation of positional isomeric dihydro-triazolo-pyrimido-acridines, 3a-j and 9a-h via friedlander synthesis using response surface methodology (RSM). The advantages of these methodologies over conventional methods are it provides good yields with short reaction times. Free radical scavenging and antifungal studies were performed for compounds 3a-j and 9a-h. The results of antioxidant assay revealed that compounds 3c, 3d and 9b exhibited excellent property whereas compounds 3a and 9a showed significant antifungal property against Aspergillus flavus (A.flavus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger).

About 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine, If you have any questions, you can contact Sompalle, R; Roopan, SM; Priya, DD; Suthindhiran, K; Sarkar, G; Ranjith, M; Arunachalapandi, M or concate me.. COA of Formula: C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Recently I am researching about CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HERBICIDE AMITROLE; WATER SAMPLES; NANOPARTICLES; PESTICIDES; URAZOLE, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21605008, 21575018, 21735001, 21705010]; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2019JJ30025]. Published in SPRINGER WIEN in WIEN ,Authors: Li, YN; Luo, GY; Qing, ZH; Li, XX; Zou, Z; Yang, R. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

A colorimetric and visual assay is described for the herbicide aminotriazole (ATZ). It is based on the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) by iodine which is formed on oxidation of iodide via H2O2. Longitudinal etching of the AuNRs occurs quickly and is accompanied by a color change from dark blue to red. In the absence of ATZ and the presence of active catalase (CAT), H2O2 is quickly decomposed into water, and the AuNRs will not be etched. In thepresence of ATZ, CAT is partially deactivated, and this affects the amount of available H2O2 and, consequently, of the iodine. Hence, the color is significantly changed. The color changes can be easily detected with bare eyes. The assay has a linear response in the 5 to 70 mu M concentration range, with a detection limit of 1.3 mu M and high selectivity for ATZ. It was applied to the determination of ATZ in water and food samples.

Safety of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Microwave Assisted Three Component One-pot Synthesis of Bis(aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines) and Bis(aminoazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles) Bearing Thiazole Moiety WOS:000491263700031 published article about DIHYDROOROTATE DEHYDROGENASE; ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; BRIDGEHEAD NITROGEN; SMALL-MOLECULE; DERIVATIVES; DISCOVERY; DESIGN; BENZOTHIAZOLE; BENZIMIDAZOLE in [Mekky, Ahmed E. M.; Sanad, Sherif M. H.; Ahmed, Ahmed A. M.] Cairo Univ, Chem Dept, Fac Sci, Giza 12613, Egypt; [Ahmed, Ahmed A. M.] Jouf Univ, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia in 2019.0, Cited 55.0. Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5

Novel bis[(thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] derivatives were prepared in good yields by the cyclocondensation of bis(bromoacetyl) derivatives with two equivalents of 2-cyanothioacetamide in dioxane at reflux. The bis[(thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] derivatives were taken as synthetic precursors for the synthesis of novel bis(aminoazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines), bearing thiazole moiety. The target molecules were prepared by the three component one pot reaction of bis[(thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] derivatives, dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal and several of 3-aminopyrazoles in pyridine under microwave irradiation at 140 degrees C for 2 h. Using the same protocol, novel bis(aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines), bis(aminopyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles) and bis(aminopyrido [1,2-a]benzimidazoles), incorporating thiazole moieties, were prepared by using the appropriate heterocyclic amine or 2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)acetonitrile instead of 3-aminopyrazoles. The structure of the newly prepared thiazoles was confirmed via considering their elemental analyses and spectral data.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Mekky, AEM; Sanad, SMH; Ahmed, AAM or send Email.. Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of C2H4N4. In 2020.0 PLANT PHYSIOL published article about ABIOTIC STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; SUMO; PROTEINS; DROUGHT; CONJUGATION; BINDING; TOLERANCE; PATHWAYS; IDENTIFY in [Wang, Feige; Shi, Yaqiao; Han, Danlu; Wu, Yuanyuan; Ye, Weixian; Yang, Huanling; Lai, Jianbin; Yang, Chengwei] South China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Biotechnol Plant Dev, Guangzhou 510631, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yiyang; Li, Guowei; Cui, Feng; Wan, Shubo] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yiyang; Li, Guowei; Cui, Feng; Wan, Shubo] Shandong Prov Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement Ecol, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 35.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

Heat stress (HS) has serious effects on plant development, resulting in heavy agricultural losses. A critical transcription factor network is involved in plant adaptation to high temperature. DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2A (DREB2A) is a key transcription factor that functions in plant thermotolerance. The DREB2A protein is unstable under normal temperature and is degraded by the 26S proteasome; however, the mechanism by which DREB2A protein stability dramatically increases in response to HS remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the DREB2A protein of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is stabilized under high temperature by the posttranslational modification SUMOylation. Biochemical data indicated that DREB2A is SUMOylated at K163, a conserved residue adjacent to the negative regulatory domain during HS. SUMOylation of DREB2A suppresses its interaction with BPM2, a ubiquitin ligase component, consequently increasing DREB2A protein stability under high temperature. In addition, analysis of plant heat tolerance and marker gene expression indicated that DREB2A SUMOylation is essential for its function in the HS response. Collectively, our data reveal a role for SUMOylation in the maintenance of DREB2A stability under high temperature, thus improving our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying HS response in plant cells. SUMOylation increases the protein stability of DREB2A, a key transcription factor in the response to heat stress in plant cells.

Computed Properties of C2H4N4. About 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, FG; Liu, YY; Shi, YQ; Han, DL; Wu, YY; Ye, WX; Yang, HL; Li, GW; Cui, F; Wan, SB; Lai, JB; Yang, CW or concate me.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Domain II of the translation elongation factor eEF1A is required for Gcn2 kinase inhibition WOS:000534662900001 published article about TRANSFER-RNA-BINDING; UNCHARGED TRANSFER-RNA; PROTEIN-KINASE; FACTOR 1A; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; FULL ACTIVATION; INITIATION; ACID; RIBOSOME in [Ramesh, Rashmi; Sattlegger, Evelyn] Massey Univ, Sch Nat & Computat Sci, Albany Highway,Gate 4,Bldg 11, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; Linkoping Univ, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci BKV, Inst Clin & Expt Biol, Cellbiol Floor 12, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden in 2020.0, Cited 59.0. Category: Triazoles. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5

The signalling pathway governing general control nonderepressible (Gcn)2 kinase allows cells to cope with amino acid shortage. Under starvation, Gcn2 phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2 alpha, triggering downstream events that ultimately allow cells to cope with starvation. Under nutrient-replete conditions, the translation elongation factor eEF1A binds Gcn2 to contribute to keeping Gcn2 inactive. Here, we aimed to map the regions in eEF1A involved in binding and/or regulating Gcn2. We find that eEF1A amino acids 1-221 and 222-315, containing most of domains I and II, respectively, bind Gcn2 in vitro. Overexpression of eEF1A lacking or containing domain III impairs eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. While the latter reduces growth under starvation similarly to eEF1A lacking domain I, the former enhances growth in a Gcn2-dependent manner. Our studies suggest that domain II is required for Gcn2 inhibition and that eEF1A lacking domain III mainly affects the Gcn2 response pathway downstream of Gcn2.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Category: Triazoles

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recently I am researching about AMBIENT CONDITIONS; AMMONIA; CONVERSION; G-C3N4; NH3, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21874042, 21977028, 21675051]; Foundation of the Science & Technology Department of Hunan Province [2016SK2020]; China Postdoctoral Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M640753]. Computed Properties of C2H4N4. Published in AMER CHEMICAL SOC in WASHINGTON ,Authors: Li, MX; Lu, QJ; Liu, ML; Yin, P; Wu, CY; Li, HT; Zhang, YY; Yao, SZ. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Due to the harsh reaction conditions, high energy consumption, and numerous carbon emissions of the traditional Haber-Bosch method, the fixation of nitrogen under environmentally friendly and milder conditions is of great importance. Recently, photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategies have attracted extensive attention, where the catalysts with the advantages of costeffectiveness and improved efficiency are critical for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we synthesized nitrogen vacancies that contained g-C3N5 (NV-g-C3N5) and combined with BiOBr to construct the p-n heterostructure NV-g-C3N5/BiOBr, in which the double-electron transfer mechanism was constructed. In one side, the nitrogen vacancies store the electrons coming from the g-C3N5 and provide for the nitrogen activation when needed; in addition, NV-g-C3N5/BiOBr further separates photoinduced electrons and holes because of the matched Z-shaped energy band structure. The double-electron transfer mechanism effectively retards the recombination of charge carriers and ensures the support of high-quality electrons, which results in excellent PEC NRR performance without the addition of noble metals. Although yields and durability are insufficient, the described double-electron transfer mechanism manifests the potential of the non-noble metal material in the PEC NRR, providing a foundation for the design of a more affordable and efficient photocathode in nitrogen reduction.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Computed Properties of C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020.0 PROT MET PHYS CHEM+ published article about VOLATILE; STEEL in [Goncharova, O. A.; Kuznetsov, D. S.; Andreev, N. N.; Kuznetsov, Yu, I; Andreeva, N. P.] Russian Acad Sci, Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Moscow 119071, Russia in 2020.0, Cited 17.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5. Computed Properties of C2H4N4

Using a set of physicochemical (ellipsometry and contact angle measurements), electrochemical (potentiometric anode polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and corrosion (periodic moisture condensation test) methods, the properties of adsorption films formed on the AMg6 aluminum alloy surface by the chamber method in vapors of some amines of heterocyclic compounds, carboxylic acids, and their salts are studied. It is established that the use of the studied compounds in the chamber processing of the alloy increases-though not effectively enough-its corrosion resistance in a humid atmosphere. The most promising inhibitors are carboxylic acids themselves; the optimum temperature for surface treatment with them is 140 degrees C. One-hour treatment of steel with pairs of oleic, neodecanoic acid, and carboxylic acid A at this temperature gives rise to the formation of nanoscale adsorption films on the AMg6 alloy, which slightly hydrophilize the surface, but possess a protective aftereffect. Apparently, further improvement of chamber protection methods of the AMg6 alloy should consist in the selection of synergists for chamber corrosion inhibitors of the carboxylate type.

About 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine, If you have any questions, you can contact Goncharova, OA; Kuznetsov, DS; Andreev, NN; Kuznetsov, YI; Andreeva, NP or concate me.. Computed Properties of C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics