Month: January 2022

Wang, S; Shen, DD; Zhao, LJ; Yuan, XH; Cheng, JL; Yu, B; Zheng, YC; Liu, HM in [Yu, Bin; Zheng, Yichao; Liu, Hongmin] Zhengzhou Univ, Key Lab Technol Drug Preparat, Minist Educ China, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China; Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China published Discovery of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as new bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors in 2020, Cited 47. COA of Formula: C2H4N4. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

Targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has been proved to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. To date, numerous BRD4 inhibitors and degraders have been identified, some of which have advanced into clinical trials. In this work, a focused library of new [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were discovered to be able to inhibit BRD4. WS-722 inactivated BRD4 (BD1/BD2), BRD2 (BD1 BD2) and BRD3 (BD1/BD2) broadly with the IC50 values less than 5 mu mol/L. Besides, WS-722 inhibited growth of THP-1 cells with an IC50 value of 3.86 mu mol/L. Like (+)-JQ1, WS-722 inhibited BRD4 in a reversible manner and enhanced protein stability. Docking studies showed that WS-722 occupied the central acetyl-lysine (Kac) binding cavity and formed a hydrogen bond with Asn140. In THP-1 cells, WS-722 showed target engagement to BRD4. Cellular effects of WS-722 on THP-1 cells were also examined, showing that WS-722 could block c-MYC expression, induce G0/G1 phase arrest and p21 up-regulation, and promote differentiation of THP-1 cells. BRD4 inhibition by WS-722 resulted in cell apoptosis and up-regulated expression of cleaved caspased-3/7 and PARP in THP-1 cell lines. The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine is a new template for the development of new BRD4 inhibitors. (C) 2019 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, S; Shen, DD; Zhao, LJ; Yuan, XH; Cheng, JL; Yu, B; Zheng, YC; Liu, HM or send Email.. COA of Formula: C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. In 2021.0 INT J BIOL MACROMOL published article about SOFTWOOD KRAFT LIGNIN; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; TOUGHNESS; BLENDS in [Huang, Jinhao; Liu, Weifeng; Tu, Zhikai; Li, Jinxing; Lou, Hongming] South China Univ Technol, Guangdong Engn Res Ctr Green Fine Chem, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Wushan Rd 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Qiu, Xueqing] Guangdong Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, Sch Chem Engn & Light Ind, Waihuan Xi Rd 100, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China in 2021.0, Cited 31.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

In this work, the coordination-based energy sacrificial bonds have been constructed in the interphase between lignin and polyolefin elastomer to prepare high performance lignin-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). The strength and toughness of lignin-based TPEs can be adjusted by choosing different nitrogen heterocyclic compounds as reactive assistants and Fe3+ or Zr2+ as metal coordination centers. It was demonstrated that 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole with three nitrogen atoms in the heterocydic ring and one nitrogen branch chain could form the most efficient coordination bond system and generate the best mechanical performance. The system with ferric iron as coordination center exhibited better enhancement effect than divalent zinc. By adjusting the nitrogen-containing reactive additives or metal salts as coordination centers, the mechanical performance of the lignin-based TPE can be regulated, which provides a method for making green bio-composites with good strength and toughness, and also promotes the high value utilization of lignin in polymer materials. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Huang, JH; Liu, WF; Qiu, XQ; Tu, ZK; Li, JX; Lou, HM or send Email.. Recommanded Product: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Authors Yildirim, C; Ozkaya, B; Bal, R in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD published article about in [Yildirim, Caner; Ozkaya, Beytullah; Bal, Ramazan] Gaziantep Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, TR-27310 Gaziantep, Turkey in 2021.0, Cited 100.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels are commonly expressed both pre- and postsynaptically in the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesized that K-ATP and TRPM2 may couple metabolic status to the resting membrane potential of octopus neurons of the mouse ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Therefore, we studied the expression of K-ATP channels and TRPM2 channels in octopus cells by immunohistochemical techniques and their contribution to neuronal electrical properties by the electrophysiological patch clamp technique. In immunohistochemical staining of octopus cells, labelling with Kir6.2 and SUR1 antibodies was strong, and labelling with the SUR2 antibody was moderate, but labelling with Kir6.1 was very weak. Octopus cells had intense staining with TRPM2 antibodies. In patch clamp recordings, bath application of KATP channel agonists H2O2 (880 mu M), ATZ (1 mM), cromakalim (50 mu M), diazoxide (200 mu M), NNC 55-0118 and NN 414 separately resulted in hyperpolarizations of resting potential to different extents. Application of 8-Bro-cADPR (50 mu M), a specific antagonist of TRPM2 channels, in the presence of H2O2 (880 mu M) resulted in further hyperpolarization by approximately 1 mV. The amplitudes of H2O2-induced outward K-ATP currents and ADPR-induced inward currents were 206.1 +/- 31.5 pA (n = 4) and 136.8 +/- 22.4 pA, respectively, at rest. Their respective reversal potentials were -77 +/- 2.6 mV (n = 3) and -6.3 +/- 2.9 (n = 3) and -6.3 +/- 2.9 (n = 3). In conclusion, octopus cells appear to possess both K-ATP channels and TRPM2-like channels. K-ATP might largely be constituted by SUR1-Kir6.2 subunits and SUR2-Kir6.2 subunits. Both K-ATP and TRPM2-like channels might have a modulatory action in setting the membrane potential.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Yildirim, C; Ozkaya, B; Bal, R or send Email.. Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C2H4N4. I found the field of Chemistry; Engineering very interesting. Saw the article Unprecedented effect of CO2 calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic H-2 production activity from water using g-C3N4 synthesized from triazole polymerization published in 2019.0, Reprint Addresses Majima, T (corresponding author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res SANKEN, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan.. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine.

Gaseous atmosphere during graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) preparation can have a significant influence on modifying the morphological texture, polymeric structure, charge carrier behavior, and consequently the photocatalytic performance. Herein, we developed a new one-step method to fabricate g-C3N4 through direct pyrolysis of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in CO2 atmosphere (C3N4-T-CO2) with no additive. Surprisingly, the H-2 production activity of C3N4-T-CO2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation was 2.4 and 1.7 times as high as that of g-C3N4 obtained under air and N-2 atmosphere with the same heating process, respectively. Detailed characterizations indicated that the CO2 calcination atmosphere induced less nitrogen vacancies with no charge transport ability, more NHx groups, and faster rate of the electron transport between heptazine rings for C3N4-TCO2 among three samples. It is also suggested that the larger number of NHx in C3N4-T-CO2 could enhance the interlayer electron transport through the hydrogen-bonding interaction between C3N4 layers. Time-resolved photoluminescence, single-particle fluorescence, and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements were performed to elucidate the efficient charge transfer and trapping processes in C3N4-T-CO2. For the first time, such unprecedented effect of CO2 calcination atmosphere was observed for g-C3N4. This work not only presents a promising strategy in designing highly effective g-C3N4 photocatalyst for solar energy conversion, but also makes an insight into the charge transfer process in g-C3N4 photocatalyst.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Xu, J; Fujitsuka, M; Kim, S; Wang, ZP; Majima, T or send Email.. COA of Formula: C2H4N4

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: C2H4N4. I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Preparation and characterization of a novel DABCO based tetra cationic ionic liquid as a reusable catalyst for the multi-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione and [1,2,4] triazoloquinazolinone derivatives under solvent-free condition published in 2020.0, Reprint Addresses Shirini, F (corresponding author), Univ Guilan, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, Rasht 41335, Iran.. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine.

In current study, a new DABCO based tetra cationic ionic liquid, formulated as [C-4(H-DABCO)(2)][HSO4](4) is easily prepared and characterized using FT-IR, H-1 NMR,C-13 NMR, TGA, and DTG analysis, and also pH-metric titration method. In continue, the efficiency of the prepared catalyst in the acceleration of the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione and [1,2,4]triazoloquinazolinone derivatives, is investigated. Simple experimental procedure, using available and low-cost starting materials for the preparation of the catalyst, reusability of the catalyst, isolation of products without using chromatographic methods, short reaction times, high isolated yields, and solvent-free conditions are the most important features of the present method. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

HPLC of Formula: C2H4N4. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Torra, J; Rojano-Delgado, AM; Menendez, J; Salas, M; de Prado, R in [Torra, Joel] Univ Lleida, Dept Hortofructicultura Bot & Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain; [Rojano-Delgado, Antonia Maria; de Prado, Rafael] Univ Cordoba, Dept Agr Chem & Soil Sci, Campus Rabanales, Cordoba 14014, Spain; [Menendez, Julio] Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ciencias Agroforestales, Campus Univ La Rabida, Huelva 21071, Spain; [Salas, Marisa] Corteva Agrisci, Crop Protect, F-782808 Guyancourt, France published Cytochrome P450 metabolism-based herbicide resistance to imazamox and 2,4-D in Papaver rhoeas in 2021.0, Cited 35.0. Category: Triazoles. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5.

Papaver rhoeas biotypes displaying multiple herbicide resistance to ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxin herbicides (SAH) are spreading across Europe. In Spain, enhanced metabolism to imazamox was confirmed in one population, while cytochrome-P450 (P450) based metabolism to 2,4-D in another two. The objectives of this research were to further confirm the presence of P450 mediated enhanced metabolism and, if so, to confirm whether a putative common P450 is responsible of metabolizing both 2,4-D and imazamox. Metabolism studies were undertaken in five P. rhoeas populations with contrasted HR profiles (herbicide susceptible, only HR to ALS inhibitors, only HR to SAH, or multiple HR to both), and moreover, three different P450 inhibitors were used. The presence of enhanced metabolism to these SoA was confirmed in three more HR P. rhoeas populations. This study provides the first direct evidence that imazamox metabolism in these biotypes is P450-mediated, also in one population without an altered target site. Additionally, it was further confirmed that enhanced metabolism of 2,4-D in biotypes only HR to SAH or multiple HR to ALS inhibitors and SAH involves P450 as well. No metabolism was detected using the three inhibitors in all the herbicide-metabolizing P. rhoeas biotypes, suggesting that a common metabolic system involving P450s is responsible of degrading herbicides affecting both SoAs. Thus, selection pressure with either SAH or imidazolinone ALS inhibitors can select not only for resistance to each of them, but it can also confer cross-resistance between them in P. rhoeas.

Category: Triazoles. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Dual-functionalized ZIF-8 as an efficient acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot tandem reaction WOS:000589899500008 published article about METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; DEACETALIZATION; CONDENSATION; HYDROGEN; SITES in [Lee, Yu-Ri; Do, Xuan Huy; Hwang, Seung Sang; Baek, Kyung-Youl] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Mat Architecturing Res Ctr, Seoul 02792, South Korea; [Do, Xuan Huy; Baek, Kyung-Youl] Korea Univ Sci & Technol, KIST Sch, Div Nano Informat Technol, Seoul 02792, South Korea; [Baek, Kyung-Youl] Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Ctr Convergent Chem Proc, 141 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 34114, South Korea in 2021.0, Cited 29.0. Category: Triazoles. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5

An acid-base bifunctional zeolitic imidazolate framework catalyst (ZIF8-A61-SO3H) with amine and sulfonic acid groups was successfully prepared through simple two step post-synthetic modification: preparation of aminefunctionalized ZIF-8 with amine contents of 61% (ZIF8-A61) by the ligand exchange of 2-mIM with 3-amino1,2,4-triazole (Atz), followed by the sulfonic acid functionalization by the ring-opening reaction of 1,3-propanesultone with -NH2 groups in ZIF8-A61. Amine-functionalized ZIF8-A materials with difference amine contents (15%, 34%, and 61%, respectively) were also prepared by controlling the synthesis time. All obtained ZIF catalysts evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation tandem reaction. Compared with ZIF-8 and amine-functionalized ZIF-8 catalysts, ZIF8-A61-SO3H catalyst showed good catalytic performance with 100% conversion of the reactant and 98% selectivity of the final Knoevenagel product. An enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the co-existence of site-isolated acid-base groups on the ZIF8-A61-SO3H catalyst in close proximity. The heterogeneous nature of the catalytic system was confirmed by a hot-filtering test and the catalyst also exhibited reusable in the five repeated cycles. A plausible catalytic mechanism of deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction over ZIF8-A61-SO3H was also proposed.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Category: Triazoles

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Synthesis of highly functionalised 5-membered ring fused pyrimidine derivatives using an isocyanide-based one-pot, three component reaction WOS:000527104200003 published article about MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS; HETEROCYCLIC-SYSTEMS; CONSTRUCTION; UGI; ADDITIONS; ANALOGS; AMINES in [Mohlala, Reagan L.; Coyanis, E. Mabel] MINTEK, Adv Mat Div, Private Bag X3015, ZA-2125 Randburg, South Africa; [Mohlala, Reagan L.; Fernandes, Manuel A.; Bode, Moira L.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem, Mol Sci Inst, PO Wits, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa in 2020.0, Cited 60.0. Product Details of 61-82-5. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5

A one-pot reaction of the zwitterion formed from an isocyanide and an acetylenedicarboxylate with different five-membered rings containing both an acidic proton and a suitable nucleophile resulted in the preparation of novel 5-membered ring fused pyrimidine derivatives in yields ranging from 18 to 87%. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Mohlala, RL; Coyanis, EM; Fernandes, MA; Bode, ML or send Email.. Product Details of 61-82-5

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Synthesis, X-ray Analysis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of New Thiazoline Derivatives WOS:000469518100013 published article about 2-MERCAPTOTHIAZOLINE; ANTICANCER; 4-THIAZOLINE-2-THIONES; 2-THIAZOLINE-2-THIOL; ADSORPTION; HISTORY; BINDING; POTENT; DRUGS in [Mabkhot, Yahia N.] King Khalid Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; [Algarni, H.] King Khalid Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, POB 9004, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; [Algarni, H.] King Khalid Univ, RCAMS, POB 9004, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; [Alsayari, Abdulrhman; Bin Muhsinah, Abdullatif] King Khalid Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; [Kheder, Nabila A.] Cairo Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Giza 12613, Egypt; [Almarhoon, Zainab M.; Al-aizari, Faiz A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, POB 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [Al-aizari, Faiz A.] AL Baydha Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Albaydah 38018, Yemen in 2019.0, Cited 58.0. The Name is 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 61-82-5. Quality Control of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

A series of new thiazoline derivatives were synthesized. Structure analyses were accomplished employing H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, X-ray and MS techniques. The in vitro antitumor activities were assessed against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines. The results revealed that the thiazolines 5b and 2c exhibited significant activity against the two cell lines. The in vitro antimicrobial screening showed that the thiazolines 2c, 5b and 5d showed promising inhibition activity against Salmonella sp. Additionally, the inhibition activity of thiazolines 2e and 5b against Escherichia coli was comparable to that of the reference compound gentamycin.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C2H4N4, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Quality Control of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine. I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy very interesting. Saw the article Antiglycation Activity of Triazole Schiff’s Bases Against Fructose-mediated Glycation: In Vitro and In Silico Study published in 2020.0, Reprint Addresses Choudhary, MI (corresponding author), Univ Karachi, Dr Panjwani Ctr Mol Med & Drug Res, Int Ctr Chem & Biol Sci, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.. The CAS is 61-82-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine.

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Preventing the formation of AGEs can be helpful in the management of these diseases. Objectives: Two classes of previously synthesized traizole Schiff’s bases (4H-1,2,4-triamle-4-Schiff’s bases 1-14, and 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-Schiff’s bases 15-23) were evaluated for their in vitro antiglycation activity. Methods: In vitro fructose-mediated human serum albumin (HSA) glycation assay was employed to assess the antiglycation activity of triazole Schiff’s bases. The active compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity analysis by MTT assay on mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell line. Molecular docking and simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the interactions and stability of compounds with HSA. Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of selected non-cytotoxic compounds were evaluated by in vitro a-glucosidase inhibition, and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, respectively. Results: Compound 1 (IC50 =47.30 +/- 0.38 mu M) from 4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-Schiff’s bases has exhibited antiglycation activity comparable to standard rutin (IC50 =54.5 +/- 0.05 mu M) along with a stable RMSD profile in MD simulation studies. Compound 1 also exhibited a potent a-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and moderate antioxidant property. Other derivatives showed a weak antiglycation activity with IC50 values between 248.1-637.7 mu M. Compounds with potential antiglycation profile were found to be non-cytotoxic in a cellular assay. Conclusion: The study identifies triazole Schiff s bases active against fructose-mediated glycation of HSA, thus indicates their potential against late diabetic complications due to production of advancedend products (AGEs).

Welcome to talk about 61-82-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Shaikh, M; Siddiqui, S; Zafar, H; Naqeeb, U; Subzwari, F; Imad, R; Khan, KM; Choudhary, MI or send Email.. Application In Synthesis of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine

Reference:
Article; Safari, Niloufar; Shirini, Farhad; Tajik, Hassan; Journal of Molecular Structure; vol. 1201; (2020);,
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics